鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上二叠统沉积特征          下载免费PDF全文

张道锋  李程善  刘文香  马国伟  李文厚  卢子兴 《古地理学报》2021,23(1)

基于野外地质露头观察、岩心描述、薄片鉴定和地球化学等分析测试资料的综合分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上二叠统石千峰组沉积岩石类型、沉积构造、沉积相类型及沉积体系空间展布等方面开展研究。结果表明,石千峰组主要发育冲积平原、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、浅湖和南部海陆过渡的潟湖、沙坝等沉积环境,石千峰期,古气候干燥炎热,沉积古地形相对平缓,物源供给充足,形成了一套紫红色、棕红色泥岩和浅灰色中粗粒长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、长石砂岩为主的地层。盆地北部三角洲规模大,以辫状河道发育沉积特征为主,砂体厚度大、横向分布稳定,而盆地南部三角洲规模相对较小。石千峰期,海水可能多次入侵盆地南部麟游-韩城-乡宁一带,发育海相夹层和沙坝沉积,一定程度上影响了南部的沉积环境和砂体展布。  相似文献   

辽宁北部秀水盆地秀D1井下白垩统义县组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义     

李晓海  孙求实  李文博  丁秋红  陈树旺  张健  何大祥 《地质与资源》2021,30(6):690-697

应用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了秀水盆地秀D1井下白垩统义县组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征,对烃源岩有机质来源、沉积环境、热演化程度等进行了分析.结果表明,秀水盆地秀D1井下白垩统义县组烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型为Ⅱ型,处于成熟演化阶段;（C₂₀+C₂₁）/（C₂₃+C₂₄）三环萜烷为0.66~5.06,C₂₄四环萜烷/C₂₆三环萜烷为0.38~2.25,具有典型湖相烃源岩特征;烃源岩Pr/Ph主要介于0.5~1.0之间,指示还原环境;伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷比值为0.05~0.41之间,指示处于强还原性沉积环境,并且烃源岩沉积时水体的盐度较低以及可能存在水体盐度分层;Pr/nC₁₇、Ph/nC₁₈关系表明有机质类型主要为Ⅱ₁型,C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉甾烷的相互关系反映有机质来源应为低等水生生物和陆生高等植物的混合来源;Ts/Tm比值为0.45~1.82,C₃₁αβ22S/（22S+22R）比值为0.41~0.62,表明烃源岩处于低成熟-成熟演化阶段,并且具有义县组中、下部烃源岩成熟度较义县组上部高的特点.综合认为秀水盆地早白垩世义县组烃源岩形成于水体盐度较低的还原-强还原环境,有机质来源为混合来源,有利于有机质的富集,义县组具有较好的油气勘探前景.  相似文献   

二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气地球化学特征及气源分析——以四川盆地成都—简阳地区永探1井为例     

田兴旺  罗冰  孙奕婷  刘冉  李亚  陈延贵  周春林  汪华  李亚丁  王尉  王云龙  杨岱林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(2):325-335

2018年12月底,在四川盆地二叠系火山岩发育地区部署的风险探井永探1井测试获得22.5万m³/d的高产工业气流,实现了二叠系火山碎屑岩的重大勘探突破,展现了火山碎屑岩气藏的巨大勘探潜力。本文根据该钻井成果资料,应用分析化验数据,采用不同地区气-气对比方法,开展了成都—简阳地区天然气地球化学特征分析、源-储接触关系解剖及气源综合对比。在此基础上,对二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气成因进行了鉴别,对天然气来源进行了判识。结果表明：永探1井火山岩气藏天然气均为典型的干气,干燥系数达0.997,CH₄质量分数高,平均为99.03%,C₂H₆质量分数低,平均为0.35%,C₃H₈几乎没有,不含H₂S;天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素值均较轻,甲烷碳同位素平均值为-32.17‰,乙烷碳同位素平均值为-34.27‰,且岩心及镜下可见大量残余沥青,天然气成因鉴别分析表明永探1井火山岩气藏天然气为原油二次裂解气;通过源-储接触关系解剖以及天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素对比分析,表明永探1井火山碎屑岩气藏天然气主要来源于德阳—安岳台内裂陷内发育的巨厚下寒武统筇竹寺组优质烃源岩,部分来源于中二叠统。  相似文献   

豫西宜阳上二叠统孙家沟组孢粉组合及其地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

邢智峰  付玉鑫  郑伟  李妲  李素萍  刘云龙  齐永安  李婉颖  许欣  吴盼盼  张湘赟 《古地理学报》2021,23(5):901-918

豫西宜阳上二叠统孙家沟组为一套陆相碎屑岩,在该组中部土门段砂泥互层中发现大量的植物化石碎片和孢粉化石。文中依据孙家沟组沉积特征及孢粉组合区域对比,厘定了土门段的地质时代,并依据孢粉化石的亲缘植物关系和信息函数,结合微量元素Sr/Cu值指标,定性和半定量分析了宜阳地区的古气候特征。结果显示: 土门段共发现52属孢粉化石,以裸子植物花粉占优势,与华北地区晚二叠世孢粉组合特征有很大的相似性,推测其地质时代相当于晚二叠世长兴期。孢粉化石属种的植物亲缘关系与欧美镁灰岩统植物成分类似,表明整体上为较炎热的半干旱古气候。该成果可为华北地区晚二叠世晚期的陆相沉积环境、古植物背景以及古气候演化研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

川西北下二叠统栖霞组微生物丘的发现及地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

全子婷  谭秀成  张本健  唐浩  罗冰  杨迅  张亚  肖笛  汤艳玲 《古地理学报》2021,23(6):1110-1124

通过野外露头与钻井剖面的室内外分析,确认在四川盆地西北部(川西北)下二叠统栖霞组中发育有微生物丘,它们主要由凝块灰(云)岩、叠层灰(云)岩和微生物粘结颗粒灰(云)岩等组成。这些微生物碳酸盐岩发育较为典型的凝块、叠层、窗格、粘结等组构。微生物丘大小不一,实测高度一般为几十厘米至几米,宽度通常变化于几米至几十米之间,具有底平顶凸的典型丘形外貌,以发育向上变浅的沉积序列为特征,一般由丘基、丘核、丘盖3个微相组成,也可与颗粒滩共同构成微生物丘滩复合体。基于区域古地理背景和微生物丘特征的剖析,认为川西北地区栖霞期沉积环境总体受限,推测为半局限—局限台地环境,水深较浅,能量普遍不高;海平面频繁的相对升降变化和微生物丘的侧向迁移叠置,导致发育于缓坡背景下的碳酸盐岩台地极易受限,引起早期沉积物发生与丘滩发育密切相关的准同生期白云石化作用。因此,微生物丘滩复合体是栖霞组白云岩储集层发育的物质基础,台缘坡折带、台内缓坡折带和高地是栖霞组白云岩储集层发育的有利区带,这对寻找规模性层位不稳定的带状白云岩储集层具有重要的指导作用,并将大大拓展栖霞组白云岩储集层的勘探领域。  相似文献   

四川盆地下侏罗统陆相页岩气源储特征及耦合评价     

胡宗全  王濡岳  刘忠宝  刘光祥  冯动军  杨振恒  王鹏威 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):261-272

四川盆地陆相页岩气勘探前景良好,目前已在川东北地区下侏罗统获得良好页岩气显示和工业气流。与海相页岩相比,陆相页岩具有相变快、岩相组合类型多(夹层发育)、有机质丰度低和源储配置关系复杂等特点。运用“源储耦合”研究思路,利用宏观-微观结合的储层表征技术对下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段页岩的烃源特征、储集特征及其耦合关系开展了分析与评价。结果表明:(1)岩相组合特征。大安寨段为一套以暗色页岩与介壳灰岩不等厚互层为主的浅湖-半深湖沉积,主要发育4种岩相与3种厚度组合,主要包括高碳黏土质页岩夹薄层(<1 m)介壳灰岩、中碳黏土质/含粉砂质页岩夹薄-中层(<3 m)介壳灰岩、低-中碳粉砂质页岩夹中-厚层介壳灰岩及少量粉细砂岩;其中页岩为源岩和主要储层,介壳灰岩为次要储层和隔夹层,致密砂岩物性较差,主要为隔夹层。(2)烃源与储集特征。川东北地区页岩厚度介于30~40 m,TOC含量普遍介于1.0%~2.0%;有机质类型以Ⅱ₂型和Ⅲ型为主;页岩储集空间包括有机孔、无机孔与宏-微观裂缝,页岩中黏土矿物粒缘孔和晶间孔最为发育,有机孔次之,微裂缝发育程度与连通性较好;介壳灰岩夹层以粒间孔、粒内孔、微裂缝为主要储集空间。(3)揭示了大安寨段页岩层系的源储耦合机理。宏观上,TOC含量和孔隙度均随灰质含量的增加而降低,页岩的源储耦合条件优于夹层,以黏土质页岩为最优;微观上,页岩内部存在有机质与有机孔的源储一体耦合、原始有机质与无机孔和微裂缝之间为纳米至微米级距离的迁移耦合,页岩与夹层间为毫米至厘米级距离的迁移耦合,夹层内部则有赖于相邻页岩中有机质与夹层中无机孔和微裂缝的厘米至米级距离的运移耦合。(4)分别针对页岩层和夹层源储耦合特征建立了相应的源储耦合评价参数,对研究区2口典型钻井开展评价并优选了水平井靶窗。  相似文献   

A new genus of Scoliidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeast China     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

A new genus and species of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera), Sinoproscolia yangshuwanziensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China and attributed to the subfamily Proscoliinae. Some characteristics, including complete crossveins 1r-rs and 2r-m in the forewing, and a free section present in almost all longitudinal veins indicate a basal position of the new genus in Proscoliinae. The presence of vein 2A suggests its atavistic origin in Sinoproscolia gen. nov. rather than a true plesiomorphy.  相似文献   

Ruffordia goeppertii (Schizaeales,Anemiaceae) – A common fern from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of northeast Brazil     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

Extraordinarily well preserved fern macrofossils of Ruffordia goeppertii (Dunker) Seward (Schizaeales, Anemiaceae) are described from the Lower Cretaceous (late Aptian) Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation, northeast Brazil. The identification is based on the morphology of macrofossils and in situ spores, taken from organically preserved material. This extinct, relatively small fern exhibits dimorphic fronds with sterile and fertile pinnules and schizaeoid sporangia, including cicatricose spores. The growth form with clearly differentiated sterile and fertile pinnae may be interpreted as an ancestral state in the phylogeny of the extant genus Anemia. The abundance of this fern reflects its role as ground cover in at least partly (dry) sunny areas, possibly in fern savannah-like habitats, with adaptations to survive drought stress. Finds of Ruffordia in northern Gondwana extend the wide palaeogeographic range of this taxon.  相似文献   

Second species of enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous Changma Basin,northwestern China with implications for the taxonomic diversity of the Changma avifauna     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

We report on a new enantiornithine bird, Dunhuangia cuii, gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation of the Changma Basin, northwestern China. Although the material is incomplete, Dunhuangia cuii preserves unique coracoidal and sternal morphologies that distinguish it from other known enantiornithines; this specimen represents only the second enantiornithine reported from the Changma Basin that is diagnostic at the species level. This study enriches our understanding of the enantiornithine component of this ornithuromorph-dominated, Early Cretaceous avifauna.  相似文献   

Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts of Laurentian affinity from blocks of limestone in the Rosroe Formation,South Mayo Trough,western Ireland and their palaeogeographic implication     

Svend Stouge  David A. T. Harper  George D. Sevastopulo  Darren O'Mahony  John Murray 《Geological Journal》2016,51(4):584-599

The Middle Ordovician Rosroe Formation consists of some 1350 m of coarse, mainly siliciclastic to volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, deposited in a submarine fan environment, and is restricted to the southern limb of the South Mayo Trough, western Ireland. Discrete allochthonous blocks, reaching 5 m in size, are present in the formation at several localities. Conodonts recovered from these blocks, collected from two separate locations, are of late Early and mid Mid Ordovician age. The conodonts have high conodont‐alteration indices (CAI 5) indicative of temperatures as high as 300^o to max. 480 °C; some found in the Lough Nafooey area have abnormally high indices (CAI 6), which correspond to temperatures of about 360^o to max. 550 °C. The oldest fauna is dominated by Periodon aff. aculeatus and characterized by Oepikodus evae typical of the Oepikodus evae Zone (Floian Stage; Stage Slices Fl2–3, Lower Ordovician). The younger conodont assemblage, characterized by Periodon macrodentatus associated with Oistodella pulchra, is referred to the P. macrodentatus conodont Biozone (lower Darriwilian; Stage Slices Dw1–2). The Rosroe conodont assemblages are of Laurentian affinity; comparable faunas are well known from several locations along the east to south‐eastern platform margin of Laurentia and the Notre Dame subzone of central Newfoundland, Canada. The faunal composition from the limestone blocks suggests a shelf edge to slope (or fringing carbonate) setting. The faunal assemblages are coeval with, respectively, the Tourmakeady Formation (Floian–Dapingian) and Srah Formation (Darriwilian) in the Tourmakeady Volcanic Group in the eastern part of the South Mayo Trough and probably are derived from the same or similar laterally equivalent short‐lived carbonate successions that accumulated at offshore ‘peri‐Laurentian’ islands, close to and along the Laurentian margin. During collapse of the carbonate system in the late Mid Ordovician, the blocks were transported down a steep slope and into deep‐water by debris flows, mixing with other rock types now found in the coarse polymict clastics of the Rosroe Formation. The faunas fill the stratigraphical ‘gap’ between the Lower Ordovician Lough Nafooey Volcanic Group and the upper Middle Ordovician Rosroe Formation in the South Mayo Trough and represent a brief interval conducive to carbonate accumulation in an otherwise siliciclastic‐ and volcaniclastic‐dominated sedimentary environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献